In its introduced range in Hawaii, it is a threat to native lowland forests, where it forms impenetrable thicket monocultures. Its also been introduced in England and the southern US.
It spreads both by the seeds of bird-dispersed fruit and also by suckering from underground fruits.
The foliage is evergreen, and leaves are covered with downy hairs on the underside.
The World Conservation Union IUCN has included this shrubby species on their list of 100 of the world's worst invasive species, an honor ...Read More
Invasive pest plant in Hawaii not evaluated yet for biological control except collectively with other rubus species.
A very invasive, wickedly thorned vine whose only redeeming quality are the sweet berries it produces in the summertime.