Shumard Red Oak, Shumard's Oak

Our tree was planted about 50 years ago. It is the only tree on our 20 acre farm. To say the least it is the most magnificent tree. We h...Read Moreave a swing hanging from it. My 3 children climb it. Our 3 yr old plays under it for hours. Our guinea hens perch in it. It is close to 70 feet tall and 40 feet wide. The trunk diameter is nearly 3 feet. The leaves are everywhere in the late fall and early winter. We have to rake twice but the shade is worth the raking. Our tree's leaves turn bright yellow & red in October or late September. They stay on the tree till December but are brown by the time they fall. We seem to have a late leafing tree. It looks dead almost till late Spring. The leaf buds are visible but as spring comes and ends we initiallly wondered our first year why the tree was so late in leafing. We see the green leaves by May and in September we see large acorns the size of my last thumb digit. The squirrels love the acorns and I've noticed in the winter the darned cottontailed rabbits chew through the hulls of the acorn and eat the meats inside. I just noticed the empty hulls this past week. January 25, 2005. This tree provides great shade in the summer and enormous relief from the sun. We normally get close to 20 days of 100+ temperatures in mid-late summer so the tree is dearly appreciated. It is adjacent to the west side of our home and as a result the home is sheltered from the sun in the afternoon. We have no air conditioning yet but the inside temperature are okay. We have a cement slab floor that acts to cool the home all summer.

This tree is extremely drought tolerant. We are in a desert valley that has a large irrigation project so the desert here has blossomed. Our 20 acreas of field has been planted with hops for close to 50 years. For most of the past 50 years this old tree has had sparse watering. The past 3 years we've been drowning him in water....kinda saying thanks for all the shade. We can see a difference in leaf size with additional watering vs. the size of leaves from the fall when we moved in 3 years ago.

Last summer I noticed an early infestation of aphids. I bought 2 spray bottles of poison with the intent to do a good job. We had a week of 105 degree temps in mid-July and the aphids died. I still have the poison spray (in case they come back this year).

The Shumard Red Oak is not normally recommended for planting west of the Brazos River due to the change from Acidic to Alkaline soil. Ho...Read Morewever, if you're taking acorns from a healthy and robust Shumard growing in acidic soil, then you should be OK. Most would recommend the Texas Red Oak variety for Central to West Texas.

My tree was taken as a inches high seedling grown from one of several very old San Antonio grown trees. Planted in the late 70's it is now very large and healthy - and spreading seedlings which seem hardy when re-planted..

Here's a great public domain article on this subject:

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written by Greg Grant, former Bexar County Horticulturist and Mark A. Peterson TFS Regional Urban Forester

Shumard Red Oak Named after a Texas State geologist, Benjamin Franklin Shumard, Quercus shumardii is prized by homeowners throughout the South. In its favored habitat of moist bottomlands, the Shumard Oak may attain heights of 120 feet, although specimens of 100 feet are more frequent. As with most oaks in the red oak subgenus, Shumard oaks are able to grow at fairly substantial rates. With proper care, oaks will grow at a rate nearly equal to those trees perceived as fast-growing (i.e. sycamore or Chinese tallow). Other attributes include its ability to produce a spreading, symmetrical crown and its lack of serious pests. Its finest quality, however, may be the scarlet hues this oak offers each fall. For transplanted Northerners as well as natives, a tree that provides consistent fall color, is a tree to be treasured.

Still, the Shumard oak is not without its faults. True Quercus shumardii is endemic only to those regions east of the Brazos River. Neutral or acidic soils and rainfall greater than 30 inches characterize this area of Texas. When these trees are transplanted in San Antonio, they often exhibit reduced growth rates and chlorosis, that is, yellow leaves. These conditions are exacerbated in areas where construction has occurred or where topsoil (in San Antonio this could mean anything) has been incorporated into the landscape. Both of these activities increase soil pH, which, in turn, limits Shumard oak’s ability to absorb iron, and manganese, resulting in the condition called chlorosis. Some Shumard oaks, however, demonstrate the ability to tolerate alkaline soils. Undoubtedly this is due to oak's extreme promiscuity. Oaks readily hybridize with other species in their own subgenus. Shumard oaks often hybridize with Texas red oaks, Quercus texana, resulting in a tree that tolerates alkaline soil better than its parents do.

Botanists constantly quarrel over whether or not Quercus texana is actually a variety of Quercus shumardii. Who cares? We should be concerned whether or not the species will grow well in south central Texas. Some red oaks under the generic name of Shumard may be able to accomplish this feat. Although Shumard oaks has some serious faults, let's not throw the baby out with the bath water. Shumard oak is still a good tree for this area within certain parameters. When purchasing a Shumard oak, homeowners should ask where the seed was collected--the farther west, the better. Regarding the native range of Shumard red oak, Robert Vines (in TREES, SHRUBS AND VINES OF THE SOUTHWEST) indicates that it is native on moist hillsides or bottom lands in clay soils in central Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas; eastward through Louisiana to Florida; northward to Pennsylvania and west to Kansas. Correll and Johnson (in the MANUAL OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TEXAS) list its native range to moist forests in the timber region of East Texas and west along waterways to the escarpment of the Edwards Plateau. The problem with Shumard oak is that much of its native habitat is in the East in acid soils. Shumard oaks collected and sold from this acid, high rainfall areas do not do well here. But there are many Shumard red oaks growing on highly alkaline soils, similar to those of south central Texas, in a line running from La Grange through Brenham, Navasota, and College Station, up to Dallas. These areas all have severe problems with iron chlorosis too, yet the Shumard red oak thrives there. This is where acorns should be gathered to produce trees for planting in our alkaline soils.

Unfortunately, many trees have long been sold in the trade as Shumard red oaks which were actually northern red oaks, scarlet oaks, and pin oaks--none of which will grow here as they turn very chlorotic (yellow) and stay permanently stunted. DO NOT purchase a tree labeled as a Shumard red oak unless the nursery can tell you where the acorns were gathered. Luckily a local wholesale grower (Lone Star Growers) collects acorns from an alkaline location. These trees are properly labeled at local retail nurseries as Shumard red oak with a yellow tag in the shape of Texas that reads Lone Star Growers.

To sum up the confusion with Texas red oak (Spanish oak) and Shumard red oak: when looking at a state map, Texas red oak is native west of I-35 and Shumard red oak is native east of I- 35. Although closely related, in its true form, Texas red oak is a small, lacy leafed tree with small acorns, while Shumard red oak is a tall, large-leafed tree with large acorns. What makes it so confusing is that along this Interstate-35 line these two trees hybridize readily and show characteristics of both species.

Two additional items: Quercus texana was changed a few years ago to Quercus buckleyi (Don't ask me why; even botanists have to have jobs). When collecting acorns, collect from large trees growing west of IH 35 and from trees with leaves that have deep sinuses and are nearly symmetrical.

This tree can reach a height of 60 - 80'. Foliage in summer is a dark green and in autumn is a lovely red/orange color. It tolerates ma...Read Moreny soil conditions, including urban settings. It grows quite quickly and makes a great shade tree.

This is a nice tree with fall color. I noticed one in my neighborhood today that appears to be about 10 years old. My neighborhood is in ...Read Moredire need of shade trees and this is a unique choice for this area. I would even be considered an alternative to a scarlet oak. They can get big, 60-90 feet and can have a broad spreading shape in maturity. The broad leaves are quite large, about 6". Acorns measure .625 - 1.125"

These are known to tolerate poor soils and drought and has been found ocurring mostly in wet sites but also in dry sites. And also a pretty fast grower for an oak but along with that comes a wood that isn't quite as strong as other Quercus. I recommend this be grown in Florida for shade growth rate and foliage, especially as an alternative to exotics.