Garden Pests and Diseases: Mammoth Sunflower...thing on leaf, 4 by AceBug

AceBug wrote:
So total newbie to all things gardening this year. My soil, let\'s call it dirt for sake of how sad it is, is cruddy, planted \"mammoth\" and \"velvet queen\" sunflowers. This leaf thing has happened is there something growing and living in that bump...it looks worse now, this was maybe a week ago photo. Along with the yellow spot stuff (which happened before this weird leaf thing), and holes from some sucker eating my lovely sunflower leaves, many more holes and bites than this though.
Seems possible the growth has stalled a little, being in Kansas it has been crazy hot for a few weeks...
So who knows all about Sunflowers? Please help?